I have found the solution myself.
In the current Version of the ProGet Dockercontainer you have to specify the same environment variable as for BuildMaster or Otter: ASPNETCORE_URLS
So here is my modified docker-compose.yaml:
proget:
container_name: ProGet
image: proget.inedo.com/productimages/inedo/proget:latest
restart: unless-stopped
networks:
- devenv-network
environment:
SQL_CONNECTION_STRING: 'Data Source=pgdb; Initial Catalog=ProGet; User ID=sa; Password=***'
TZ: 'Europe/Berlin'
ASPNETCORE_URLS: 'http://*:8181'
ports:
- '8181:8181'
volumes:
- '$PROGET_HOME/packages:/var/proget/packages'
depends_on:
- progetDb
So, my ProGet is running now, but could please someone update the documentation on this topic.