Today, I have installed a clean version 5.2.27 (Build 6) and RPM is working now.

I moved to the MS SQL from PostgreSQL.

Using:

version: '3.7'
services:
  proget:
    image: inedo/proget
    container_name: proget
    environment:
      - PROGET_DB_TYPE=SqlServer
      - PROGET_DATABASE=Data Source=proget-sql; Initial Catalog=ProGet; User ID=sa; Password=XXX
    volumes:
      - packages:/var/proget/packages
      - extensions:/var/proget/extensions
    links:
      - proget-sql
    restart: always
    networks:
      - webproxy
      - proget

  proget-sql:
    image: mcr.microsoft.com/mssql/server:2017-latest
    hostname: proget-sql
    container_name: proget-sql
    environment:
      - ACCEPT_EULA=Y
      - MSSQL_SA_PASSWORD=XXX
      - MSSQL_PID=Express
    volumes:
      - db_data:/var/opt/mssql/data:rw
      - db_log:/var/opt/mssql/log:rw
      - db_secrets:/var/opt/mssql/secrets:rw
    restart: always
    networks:
      - proget

volumes:
  packages:
  extensions:
  db_data:
  db_log:
  db_secrets:

networks:
  webproxy:
    external:
      name: webproxy
  proget:
    driver: bridge

and create manually DB according to the Linux install guide.

Logged: 03/19/2020 07:11:30
Level: Error
Category: Web
Message: An error occurred processing a GET request to http://XXXX/rpm/YYYY/repodata/repomd.xml: 42P01: missing FROM-clause entry for table "rpv"
Details: Npgsql.PostgresException (0x80004005): 42P01: missing FROM-clause entry for table "rpv"
at Npgsql.NpgsqlConnector.DoReadMessageAsync (System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, Npgsql.DataRowLoadingMode dataRowLoadingMode, System.Boolean isPrependedMessage) [0x002d7] in <4985dea8374f4819bebb7847d95ad483>:0
at Npgsql.NpgsqlConnector.ReadMessageWithPrependedAsync (System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, Npgsql.DataRowLoadingMode dataRowLoadingMode) [0x001c3] in <4985dea8374f4819bebb7847d95ad483>:0
at Npgsql.NpgsqlDataReader.NextResultInternalAsync (System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) [0x007da] in <4985dea8374f4819bebb7847d95ad483>:0
at Npgsql.NpgsqlDataReader.NextResultAsync (System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) [0x0014a] in <4985dea8374f4819bebb7847d95ad483>:0
at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteAsync (System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken, System.Data.CommandBehavior behavior) [0x003d8] in <4985dea8374f4819bebb7847d95ad483>:0
at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteDbDataReaderInternalAsync (System.Data.CommandBehavior behavior, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) [0x000f1] in <4985dea8374f4819bebb7847d95ad483>:0
at Npgsql.NpgsqlCommand.ExecuteDbDataReaderAsync (System.Data.CommandBehavior behavior, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) [0x000a7] in <4985dea8374f4819bebb7847d95ad483>:0
at Inedo.Postgres.WrappedPgCommand.ExecuteDbDataReaderAsync (System.Data.CommandBehavior behavior, System.Threading.CancellationToken cancellationToken) [0x001db] in <342cdcb414394bdaa3f4d44613e0fb35>:0
at Inedo.Data.DatabaseContext+DbResult.CreateAsync (System.Data.Common.DbCommand command, Inedo.Data.DatabaseContext context, System.DateTimeOffset startTime, System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch) [0x00082] in <ee7a5f9ece0745948bcfc1883d4013bb>:0
at Inedo.Data.DatabaseContext.ExecuteInternalAsync (System.String storedProcName, Inedo.Data.GenericDbParameter[] parameters) [0x0021e] in <ee7a5f9ece0745948bcfc1883d4013bb>:0
at Inedo.ProGet.Data.DB+Context.RpmPackages_GetAllPackagesAsync (System.Nullable1[T] Feed_Id) [0x000b2] in <5381e5b9989941d3bd3c6a920e0430f4>:0 at Inedo.ProGet.Feeds.Rpm.RpmFeed.GetAllPackagesAsync (Inedo.ProGet.Data.DB+Context db) [0x00082] in <5381e5b9989941d3bd3c6a920e0430f4>:0 at Inedo.ProGet.Feeds.Rpm.RpmFeed.BuildIndexAsync (System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable1[T] dbData, Inedo.ProGet.Data.DB+Context db) [0x000e6] in <5381e5b9989941d3bd3c6a920e0430f4>:0
at Inedo.ProGet.Feeds.Rpm.RpmFeed.EnsureIndexAsync () [0x001bb] in <5381e5b9989941d3bd3c6a920e0430f4>:0
at Inedo.ProGet.WebApplication.FeedEndpoints.Rpm.RpmFeedHandler.WriteRepomd (Inedo.ProGet.Feeds.Rpm.RpmFeed feed, System.IO.Stream output) [0x00066] in <3954c0883d164d86b136633fb1726e3f>:0
at Inedo.ProGet.WebApplication.FeedEndpoints.FeedEndpointHandler+FeedRequestHandler.ProcessRequestAsync (System.Web.HttpContext context) [0x0018a] in <3954c0883d164d86b136633fb1726e3f>:0

===What version does this affect?===
ProGet 5.2.27

===How can we help? (in brief)===
[Major] RPM upload fails - 42P01: missing FROM-clause entry for table "rpv"

===Please add any details that might help us help you.===
1] Create RPM feed with the default configuration.
2] Create rpm user in the Administrators group.
3] Upload RPM via the web, fails with 42P01: missing FROM-clause entry for table "rpv"
4] Upload RPM via curl

$ curl https://rpm.host.local/rpm/feed_name--user rpm:e569a9914b4ec430e58deaccd4f3744d --upload-file iptables-1.4.21-33.el7.x86_64.rpm
% Total % Received % Xferd Average Speed Time Time Time Current
Dload Upload Total Spent Left Speed
100 433k 100 48 100 433k 452 4087k --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:-- 4126k 42P01: missing FROM-clause entry for table "rpv"

Tested on multiple RPM from other RPM repositories, e.g., https://rpmfind.net/linux/centos/7.7.1908/os/x86_64/Packages/iptables-1.4.21-33.el7.x86_64.rpm